A new study in the Colorado Rockies shows that wild bumblebees strategically select flowers to balance their intake of protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Over eight years, researchers observed eight species and collected pollen to analyze its macronutrient content, finding significant variation between plant species. Protein levels ranged from 17% to 86%, and nutrient content shifted with the seasons, with spring flowers richer in protein and late-summer flowers higher in fats and carbohydrates.
Bees also displayed distinct nutritional niches based on their physical traits. Larger bees with longer tongues preferred protein-rich pollen, while smaller bees with shorter tongues sought pollen higher in carbs and fats. Individual bees adjusted their foraging as their colonies developed, reflecting changing nutritional needs.
The study highlights the importance of floral diversity in supporting pollinator health. Maintaining a variety of nutrient-rich flowers throughout the season can help wild bees thrive and underscores the need for conservation strategies focused on nutritional diversity. Protecting pollinators is vital for both ecosystems and human food systems dependent on pollination.
