New research suggests that following a Mediterranean-style diet could reduce the risk of dementia, even for people with high genetic susceptibility. Over a 30-year study, participants who adhered to diets rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, whole grains, and low in red and processed meats showed slower cognitive decline and were less likely to develop dementia.
One of the strongest genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease, the APOE4 variant, increases risk threefold with one copy and up to 12 times with two copies. Yet the study found that those carrying APOE4 still benefited from a Mediterranean diet, with the greatest protective effects seen in individuals with two copies of the variant.
Genetic Insights and Future Applications
The research, published in Nature Medicine, analyzed over 5,600 participants’ long-term dietary habits, blood samples, genetic data, and cognitive performance. The findings suggest that diet can influence key metabolic pathways linked to brain health, potentially counteracting genetic vulnerabilities.
While the study was limited by its mostly European-ancestry participants, the researchers emphasized that these insights could guide doctors in combining genetic and metabolic testing with dietary interventions. Future research may explore how targeting specific metabolites through diet could provide personalized strategies for reducing dementia risk.
